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Propeller Aerodynamics for Advanced Air Mobility: Fundamentals and Integration Effects - On-Demand Short Course
OVERVIEWü Comprehensive course covering the aerodynamics of propellers for aircraft applications, from fundamentals to complex propeller-airframe integration challenges
ü All students will receive an AIAA Certificate of Completion at the end of the course
Recent developments in the fields of urban air mobility, regional air mobility, (hybrid-) electric propulsion, and sustainable aviation in general have created a renewed interest in propeller propulsion. This course covers the basics of propeller performance up to complex propeller-airframe integration challenges. Participants are introduced to the basic parameters and physical effects that describe the aerodynamic performance of propellers. Subsequently, the aerodynamic interaction mechanisms that take place in unconventional configurations such as tip-mounted propellers, boundary-layer ingesting propellers, leading-edge distributed propellers, or propellers in hover or edgewise flight are discussed. Participants are shown how these interaction effects vary among the different propeller arrangements, how they affect the aerodynamic and propeller efficiencies of the vehicle, and how they can be modeled with various levels of fidelity.
(Course recorded live in Fall 2022)
Description
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
- Review the latest applications and research areas of propeller propulsion
- Gain an understanding of the basic working principles of (isolated) propeller aerodynamics
- Estimate propeller performance using non-dimensional parameters and simplified methods
- Understand how propeller performance affects and is affected by neighboring elements like the wing, fuselage, or adjacent propellers.
- Identify the main aerodynamic interaction effects that occur in unconventional propeller installations, and learn how these effects can influence aircraft efficiency or noise production.
- Distinguish the pros and cons of various types of experimental and numerical propeller modeling techniques
- Learn how the propeller performance and its modeling differ in the case of hover or edgewise flight
AUDIENCE: The course is intended for engineers with a background in aerodynamics or aerospace engineering, who want to understand how propellers work, how to model them, or how they affect the performance of the vehicle. A background in propeller aerodynamics is not required.
MATERIALS: All course slides and additional references will be available for immediate download. Stream the 16-hours of video recordings anytime, 24/7. No part of these materials may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted, unless for course participants. All rights reserved.
CERTIFICATE: Receive an AIAA Course Completion Certificate upon viewing all course recordings. Please contact Lisa Le for a certificate.- AIAA Student Member Price: $495 USD
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OUTLINE
1. Introduction (Veldhuis)
2.1. Performance in forward flight (Sinnige)
- Historical overview of propeller propulsion
- Advantages & disadvantages of propeller propulsion
- Recent developments
2.1. Performance in forward flight (Sinnige)
- How is thrust generated?
- Definition of scaling parameters
- Isolated propeller performance
2.2. Angle-of-attack effects (Sinnige)
- Generation of unsteady blade loading
- Effect on propeller performance
2.3. Propeller slipstream (van Arnhem)
- The propeller vortex system
- Steady and unsteady flow features
- Effect of angle-of-attack
3. Propeller integration effects
3.1. Fundamentals of propeller airframe aerodynamic interaction (van Arnhem)
3.1. Fundamentals of propeller airframe aerodynamic interaction (van Arnhem)
- Effect of non-uniform inflow on propeller performance
- Slipstream impingement phenomena
- Velocity and pressure fields induced outside the propeller slipstream
- Comparison of configurations: tractor, pusher, tip-mounted, over-the-wing, boundary-layer ingestion
- Effect of distributed propulsion on wing sizing: cruise and high-lift performance
- Effect of distributed propulsion on tail sizing: control, stability, and OEI scenarios
- Ducted propellers
- Rotor airframe interaction
- Rotor-rotor interaction: side-by-side, one-after-another
4. Hover, vertical/axial flight and edgewise flight
4.1. Hover and vertical/axial flight (Rauleder)
4.1. Hover and vertical/axial flight (Rauleder)
- Hovering and vertical flight performance: essential characteristics and parameters such as FM, DL, PL, induced velocity curves, rotor working states
- Factors affecting hovering and vertical flight performance
- Blade design (twist, taper, rotor solidity, planform, etc.) and their effects on hover performance
- Flight in confined environment: ground effect and wall effects
- Aerodynamics of edgewise forward flight
- Forward flight performance: drag synthesis, power requirements, etc.
- Limits in edgewise flight: compressibility effects, retreating blade stall, reverse flow, noise constraints, and what to do about it
- Autorotation
5. Propeller modeling methods
5.1. Lower-order numerical methods (Sinnige)
- Momentum theory and blade-element based methods
- Engineering method for non-uniform inflow
5.2. RANS CFD (Stokkermans)
- Propeller modeling approaches: actuator disk, lifting line, full-blade models
- Tips & tricks for numerical simulation of propeller integration effects
5.3. Experimental (de Vries)
- Measurement techniques for propeller ground and wind-tunnel testing-
- Designing the model and test matrix to study propeller integration effects
- Tips & tricks for experimental simulation of propeller integration effects
6. Challenges & outlook (Veldhuis)
- Summary
- Challenges that require further research
- Outlook: the need for ultra-efficient propeller systems
INSTRUCTORS
Prof.dr.ir. Leo Veldhuis holds an MSc and PhD from Delft University of Technology. In 1987 he started as Assistant professor in the Aerodynamics group. Currently he is full professor and acts as head of the section Flight Performance and Propulsion (FPP) and at the same time is the Head of the Department AWEP (Aerodynamics, Wind Energy, Flight Performance and Propulsion). Leo is the former Head of the Wind Tunnel Laboratories at the Faculty of Aerospace Engineering. He has more than 30 years of experience in aircraft aerodynamics. His research interests are: aircraft aerodynamics, open rotors and propulsion integration, high lift systems, flow control and aircraft design. Currently Leo teaches in the field of aircraft aerodynamics. He has extensive experience in the cooperation and support in EU-funded research projects. His current research supports the aircraft design capability of TUD with a special focus to the development of propeller integration, scaled flight testing capability and ground-based testing of novel aircraft configurations.
Dr. Tomas Sinnige is an assistant professor at the Flight Performance and Propulsion group at Delft University of Technology. His research focuses on rotor-airframe and rotor-rotor aerodynamic and acoustic interactions for future aircraft configurations, with a special focus on experimental analysis of propellers. Previously, he obtained MSc and PhD degrees at the same university, working on the aerodynamics and aeroacoustics of tip-mounted propellers. He has taken part in European projects focused on propeller research. Furthermore, he graduated MSc students on the topic of propeller interactional aerodynamics and aeroacoustics, and published papers in international journals and conferences. In his current role, he is also the responsible lecturer of the MSc course on Experimental Simulations.
Dr. Tomas Sinnige is an assistant professor at the Flight Performance and Propulsion group at Delft University of Technology. His research focuses on rotor-airframe and rotor-rotor aerodynamic and acoustic interactions for future aircraft configurations, with a special focus on experimental analysis of propellers. Previously, he obtained MSc and PhD degrees at the same university, working on the aerodynamics and aeroacoustics of tip-mounted propellers. He has taken part in European projects focused on propeller research. Furthermore, he graduated MSc students on the topic of propeller interactional aerodynamics and aeroacoustics, and published papers in international journals and conferences. In his current role, he is also the responsible lecturer of the MSc course on Experimental Simulations.
Dr. Nando van Arnhem is Aerodynamics Lead Engineer at the start-up company Vaeridion. He is also guest researcher at the Faculty of Aerospace Engineering of Delft University of Technology. Previously, he obtained BSc, MSc, and PhD degrees at the same university. Nando has performed over five years of research in the Clean Sky 2 research framework for regional and large passenger aircraft, where he assessed propeller-installation effects on various aircraft configurations by performing over a dozen wind-tunnel tests, by performing CFD simulations, and by developing lower-order models. Besides his interest in propulsion-integration, Nando has worked on and piloted various scaled-flight demonstrators of novel aircraft configurations.
Dr. Reynard de Vries is Program Manager for New Aircraft Technologies at Panta Holdings, and a visiting researcher at the Faculty of Aerospace Engineering of Delft University of Technology. He obtained a BSc degree in Aerospace Engineering from the Technical University of Madrid in 2014 and subsequently pursued an MSc degree in Aerospace Engineering at Delft University of Technology, which he obtained with distinction in 2016. Reynard has performed five years of research in the European Commission’s Clean Sky 2 framework for large passenger aircraft, where he has worked on conceptual design methods for hybrid-electric aircraft and propeller-wing aerodynamics in distributed-propulsion systems as a part of his PhD research. He has been actively involved in numerous wind-tunnel tests of various (distributed-) propeller configurations and has taught several lectures on hybrid/electric aircraft design. Reynard is a member of the AIAA Electrified Aircraft Technology Technical Committee.
Dr. Tom Stokkermans is a vibration and dynamics engineer at Airbus Helicopters. Before, he was a research fellow at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. He obtained with distinction a BSc and MSc in Aerospace Engineering from Delft University of Technology and received an MSc in Aeronautics from the California Institute of Technology. In 2020 he successfully defended his PhD Dissertation on propeller aerodynamics in interaction dominated flowfields, for which he investigated complex propeller interaction cases for novel aircraft configurations both numerically and experimentally. As part of his PhD he was involved in the Clean Sky 2 PROPTER project, which addressed the analysis and design of lateral rotors operating in the complex flow field around the Airbus RACER compound helicopter.
Prof. Juergen Rauleder teaches and conducts research at the School of Aerospace Engineering of the Georgia Institute of Technology. Dr. Rauleder’s research interests are the experimental and applied numerical aerodynamics, with a focus on interactional aerodynamics, coupled aerodynamics with flight dynamics, as well as active, shape-adaptive rotating and fixed wings. His basic research is applied to the aerodynamic design and understanding of current and future vertical lift configurations, including advanced (urban) aerial mobility and UAS, as well as pilot training and simulators. Juergen’s research is sponsored by the U.S. Army, Navy, NASA, ONR, NATO, the EU, and by industry. He received a Masters from the University of Stuttgart and a PhD from the University of Maryland under the guidance of Prof. Gordon Leishman. Juergen serves on the AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Committee, and he is the Chair of the VFS Aerodynamics Technical Committee.
Classroom hours / CEUs: 16 classroom hours / 1.6 CEU/PDH
Contact: Please contact Lisa Le or Customer Service if you have any questions about the course or group discounts.
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