Instructed by Dr. Marty Bradley, Mr. Charles Lents, Dr. Jonathan Gladin, and Mr. Reynard de Vries
Overview:
In this 16-hour on-demand short course, learn about current developments in electrified propulsion, with an emphasis on hybrid electric aircraft. Participants will learn how to design electrified propulsion aircraft starting from the top-level aircraft requirements. Design examples include electric and hybrid-electric aircraft of various sizes and missions. Various powertrains are examined including pure electric, parallel hybrid, serial hybrid, and combinations. It is demonstrated which design variables are unique to electric and hybrid electric aircraft and how the sizing and performance process of the powertrain components can be executed. Historical and recent electric and hybrid electric aircraft system studies are reviewed, and standard reporting parameters are recommended.
Learning Objectives
· Identify types of electric and hybrid aircraft and current projects
· Perform the preliminary sizing process of an electric or hybrid-electric aircraft based on top-level aircraft requirements
· Perform off-design mission performance analysis of sized hybrid-electric aircraft, with appropriate considerations of reserve requirements and battery life and safety margins
· Understand electrified propulsion drivetrain component fundamental design and performance parameters
· Develop drivetrain system models and predict system weight and performance
· Perform trade studies on the powertrain design variables to achieve a predefined design goal
· Include aero-propulsive interaction effects into the preliminary sizing process by using results from experimental or numerical simulations
· Review the results of historical and recent electric and hybrid-electric aircraft system studies and learn standard reporting parameters
· Detailed course outline below
Audience: This course intended for engineers with a background in aerospace engineering that are interested in learning about the unique design considerations for electric and hybrid-electric aircraft.
Course Delivery and Materials: Originally took place in July 2020. Recorded Video lectures are streamed and 500+ pages of lecture slides and supplemental materials are available for download. No part of these materials may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted, unless for course participants. All rights reserved.
Receive an AIAA Course Completion Certificate upon viewing all course recordings. Please contact Lisa Le for a certificate.
Course Fees (Sign-In To Register)
- Non-Member Price: $1,045 USD
- AIAA Member Price: $845 USD
- AIAA Student Member Price: $495 USD
Course Outline
Lectures 1 and 2 - Introduction and Electric Aircraft Conceptual Sizing (Bradley)
o Summary of recent aircraft projects, Thin Haul, Commuter, Regional, and Airliners, On Demand Mobility & Air Taxi
o Propulsion Integration Considerations
§ Taxonomy of Propulsion and Power architectures, Component performance requirements to enable different types of aircraft
§ Propulsion efficiency chains & examples
§ Aero-propulsive interaction, Distributed Propulsion, Wing Interactions
o Electric Aircraft Conceptual Sizing
§ Range equation customized for electric aircraft
§ Range and weight sensitivities to battery technologies
§ Future battery chemistries and performance potentials
§ Simplified battery modeling including state of charge, depth of discharge, battery life, degradation, power C-rate, and reserves
Lectures 3 and 4 - Hybrid Electric Aircraft Design Process (de Vries)
o Aircraft design process: from conceptual to detailed design
o Design requirements including airworthiness regulations
o Lift and drag decomposition including propulsive effects
o Derivation of the equilibrium equations
o Constructing the performance constraints diagram
o Hybrid-electric powertrain modelling (with link to previous bullet)
o Component sizing conditions: one-engine inoperative condition
o Sizing batteries and fuel tank for total energy requirements
o Demonstration of sizing process through examples of a hybrid-electric, distributed propulsion aircraft.
Lectures 4, 5 and 6 - Propulsion Components and Modeling (Lents)
o Review of the electric and hybrid electric drivetrain and components
o Simple reduced order modeling
o Component characterization (sizing and performance)
§ Prime movers - gas turbines and other IC machines
§ Prime movers – batteries and fuel cells
§ Electric drivetrain components – generators, rectifiers, inverters, power distribution, motors
§ Mechanical conversion – shafts and gearboxes
§ Propulsors – ducted fans and propellers
o Thermal management system design and performance
§ Heat acquisition – component cooling technologies and approaches; heat pumping systems
§ Heat transport – pumps, fans, ducts and pipes
§ Heat rejection - heat exchangers, phase change materials, skin coolers
o Full system model examples and exercises
Lectures 6,7,8 - Performance Assessment of Hybrid Electric Aircraft (Gladin)
o Assessment Process: Introduction and steps in the process
o Baselining: Projecting the baseline forward, defining EIS and technology level (TRL considerations), defining propulsion technologies
o Defining the EP concept: Schematics/Representations, EP architecture conceptualization and review of basic trades, morphological matrices, defining a CONOPS – Examples, electric technology infusion
o Propulsion system modeling and representation: Schematics, review of components, Standard performance parameters and definitions, units, nomenclature, etc.
o Vehicle modeling and representation: Standard parameters to declare, Mission(s): Flight segments, Power management, Guidelines for presentation of results
o Calculating metrics: Energy specific air range, Fuel burn, Energy, ICAO CO2, Life-cycle CO2, TOFL, energy, DOC, NOx, etc.
o Example Assessment Results
Lecture 8 - Wrap-Up and Examples (Bradley)
o Hybrid Electric Mission Performance Study Examples & Wrap Up (Bradley)
§ Summary of selected historical and recent system studies
§ Current challenges and future research and technology needs
Dr. Jonathan Gladin is a research engineer at the Aerospace Systems Design Lab at Georgia Tech where he performs research in the area of propulsion for aircraft applications, specifically for hybrid electric propulsion systems and also in the areas of propulsion/airframe integration. He has contributed to four different NASA sponsored NRA’s in the area of hybrid electric propulsion and has many technical publications in that area. He is the lead developer of Georgia Tech’s hybrid electric modeling environment, GT-HEAT, and is actively involved in teaching students the fundamentals of hybrid electric aircraft for research applications. He also has technical experience in the areas of boundary layer ingestion systems, aircraft sub-systems, and thermal management. He received his undergraduate degree in Aerospace Engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 2006 and worked as a structural analyst for Sikorsky Helicopters for three years on the Black Hawk program before returning to Georgia Tech to pursue his graduate studies in 2009. He received his Master’s degree in Aerospace Engineering in 2011 and Ph.D. in 2015.
Mr. Reynard de Vries is a PhD researcher at the Faculty of Aerospace Engineering of Delft University of Technology. His research activities are part of the European Commission’s Clean Sky 2 research framework for Large Passenger Aircraft (LPA), and focus on conceptual design methods for hybrid-electric aircraft and experimental investigations of propeller-wing interaction for distributed-propulsion systems. Reynard obtained a BSc degree in Aerospace Engineering at the Technical University of Madrid in 2014, sponsored by a Scholarship for Academic Excellence. He subsequently pursued an MSc degree in Aerospace Engineering at Delft University of Technology, which he obtained cum laude in 2016. He is currently in the final year of his PhD study, and is a board member of the PhD Council at the Faculty of Aerospace Engineering. Reynard won two best-presentation awards at the AIAA/IEEE Electric Aircraft Technologies Symposium in 2018 and has (co-) authored over 15 papers in the fields of hybrid-electric aircraft design and propeller-airframe interaction in novel propulsion systems.
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