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OUTLINE

Lecture 1 - Introduction to Hypersonic Air Breathing Propulsion

1.1 Definition of Hypersonic Flight and Hypersonic Flow

1.2 Types of Hypersonic Vehicles

1.3 Ram/Scramjet Operating Principle

1.4 Main Scramjet Engine Components:

• Inlet and Isolator
• Combustor
• Nozzle

1.5 Engine-Vehicle Integration

1.6 Hypersonic Propulsion Challenges

1.7 Propulsion Performance Comparison

1.8 HAP Corridor and Dynamic Pressure

1.9 Technology Issues

1.10 Critical Design Issues

1.11 X-43A and X-51A Flight Demonstrators

1.12 Current and Future HAP Programs

1.13 HAP Programs around the World

Lecture 2 - Review of Fundamental Principles

2.1 Earth’s Atmosphere

2.2 Calorically perfect gas and Thermally perfect gas

2.3 Hypersonic Inviscid Flow Fields

2.4 Euler Equations

2.5 Steady Aerothermodynamic Equations

2.6 Total Enthalphy and Total Temperature

2.7 Total Pressure

2.8 Ideal Exit Flow Velocity and Mass Flow

2.9 Impulse and Stream Thrust Function

2.10 Constant Area Heating and Thermal Chocking

2.11 Shock Waves: Oblique Shocks, Normal Shocks, and Expansion Flow Relations

Lecture 3 - Aerothermodynamics of Aircraft Integrated Scramjet

3.1 Propulsion Airframe Integration (PAI)

3.2 Aerothermodynamics

3.3 Hypersonic Vehicles

3.4 Flight Environment

3.5 Thermal Environment for Hypersonic Vehicles

3.6 Vehicle Forebody

3.7 Inlet Capture, Shock Ingestion, and Spillage

3.8 Vehicle Angle of Attack

3.9 Boundary Layers

3.10 Engine Starting

3.11 Combustor/Inlet Interaction

3.12 Combustor Flowfield (Fuel Injection and Mixing)

3.13 Combustor/Nozzle Interaction

3.14 Nozzle External Burning

3.15 Propulsion Airframe Integration (PAI) Issues

3.16 Tip-to-Tail HAP Vehicle Analysis Tools

Lecture 4 - HAP Inlets, Isolators, and Nozzles

4.1 Inlet Function and Operating Modes

4.2 Inlet Types

4.3 Inlet Aerodynamics

4.4 Inlet Design Issues

• Starting and Contraction Limits
• High Temperature Effects
• Blunt Leading Edge
• Boundary Layer Separation
• Isolators
• Combustor Entrance Profiles

4.5 Inlet Designs

2-D Inlets

3-D Inlets

4.6 Performance and Operability

4.7 Isolator

• Shock Train
• Isolator Length

4.8 Nozzle Configurations

4.9 Nozzle Aerodynamics

• On and Off-Design
• Flow Separation

4.10 Design Tools

4.11 Performance Parameters

• Mass Flow
• Thrust Coefficient
• Losses

4.12 Remarks about SERN for High M0

4.13 Translating-Throat SERN

4.14 Nozzle Concept for RBCC Vehicles

4.15 A Scramjet Nozzle Testing

Lecture 5 - HAP Combustors and Fuels

5.1 Combustion Process Desired Properties

5.2 Combustor Entrance Conditions

5.3 Fuels for Hypersonic Propulsion

• Fuel Energy for Combustion
• Fuel Cooling Capacity
• Endothermic Fuels

5.4 The Combustion Process

• Reaction Rates
• Stoichiometric Fuel/Air Ratio and Equivalence Ratio

5.5 Scramjet Combustion Design Issues

• Thermal Throat
• Fuel Distribution and Mixing
• Ignition and Reaction Times

5.6 Fuel Injection and Fuel/Air Mixing

• Fuel Injectors
• Flameholding

Lecture 6 - Dual-Mode Combustion

6.1 The Ramjet and its Ideal Performance

6.2 Dual-Mode Combustion Propulsion Concept

6.3 1-D Ideal Flow in Burner

6.4 Billig’s Dual-Mode Scramjet Study

6.5 Isolator Shock-Trains

6.6 Isolator Length for Dual-Mode Scramjet

6.7 Dual-Mode Transition

6.8 Dual-Mode Scramjet Propulsion Challenges

6.9 HIFiRE Dual-Mode Combustor System

6.10 Dual-Mode, Free-Jet Combustor Concept

Lecture 7 - Materials, Structures and Thermal Management

7.1 Aerodynamic Heating

7.2 Convective Heat Transfer

7.3 Stagnation Point Heating and Vehicle Nose Radius

7.4 Hypersonic Vehicle Heating

7.5 Thermal Management Options

7.6 Passive and Active Cooling Methods

7.7 Hypersonic Integrated Structures

7.8 Cooling Requirements

7.9 Hypersonic Hot and Warm Structures

7.10 A Look at the X-43A Thermal Protection System

7.11 Hypersonic Materials and Structures Technical Challenges

Lecture 8 - Combined Cycle Propulsion: Technical Issues

8.1 Characteristic Earth Flight Trajectories

8.2 Airbreathing Hypersonic Vehicles

8.3 Challenge of Hypersonic Air Breathing Propulsion (HAP)

8.4 Combined Cycle Definition

8.5 Requirement for a HAP Combined Cycle Propulsion

8.6 Combined Cycle Proposed Concepts

• Turbine-Based Combined Cycle (TBCC)
• Rocket-Based Combined Cycle (RBCC)

8.7 Combined Cycle Development Issues

8.8 Technical Challenges

8.9 Spaceplanes

• SSTO
• TSTO

8.10 TBCC Propulsion for TSTO Vehicles

8.11 Air-breathing Rocket (SABRE)

8.12 Other Combined Cycle Propulsion Concepts

Lecture 9 - Lecture 9 - CFD, Ground Testing, and Flight Demonstration

A brief overview of key physics and analysis, ground and flight test requirements associated with performance and operability of hypersonic air-breathing propulsion (HAP) systems (airframe-integrated scramjet and dual-mode scramjet engine). It highlights important aspects of the pillars of HAP vehicle development.

INSTRUCTOR

Dr. Dora E. Musielak has over 30 years of experience directing R&D projects in industry and academia, developing key expertise in high-speed air breathing propulsion and liquid chemical rockets. As a chief scientist she led a scramjet propulsion development program sponsored by the U.S. government. Musielak has authored numerous reports and papers related to high speed propulsion (scramjets, rockets, and PDEs), with focus on numerical simulation of fuel injection, high speed reacting and nonreacting turbulent flows.

An AIAA Associate Fellow, Dr. Musielak has served in several national technical committees, including the NRC Committee on Breakthrough Technology for Commercial Supersonic Aircraft, the AIAA Pressure Gain Combustion Program Committee (PGC PC), and the AIAA High Speed Air Breathing Propulsion TC, a committee she chaired from 2014 to 2016.

List of included AIAA Papers as Reference:

Berry, S.; Daryabeigi, K.; Wurster, K.; Bittner, R., “Boundary Layer Transition on X-43A.” AIAA-2008-3736, L-6068.

Ferguson, F. and Dhanasar, M., “A Model for the Design and Analysis of Thrust Optimized Scramjets”, 16th AIAA/DLR/DGLR International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference, AIAA 2009-7337.

Smart, M., “How Much Compression Should a Scramjet Inlet Do?” AIAA Journal, Vol. 50, No. 3 (2012), pp. 610-619.

Berry, S. A.; Kimmel, R.; Reshotko, E., “Recommendations for Hypersonic Boundary Layer Transition Flight Testing.” 41st AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference; 27-30 June 2011. AIAA Paper 2011-3415.

Albertson, C. W.; Venkat, V. S. , “Shock Interaction Control for Scramjet Cowl Leading Edges.” AIAA Paper 2005-3289.

Kunze, J., Smart, M.K. and Gollan, R.L., “A Design Method for Shape Transition Nozzles for Hypersonic Vehicles”, 22nd AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonics Systems and Technologies Conference, AIAA SPACE Forum, Paper AIAA 2018-5318.

Baker, N. R.; Northam, G. B.; Stouffer, S. D.; Capriotti, D. P., “Evaluation of scramjet nozzle configurations and film cooling for reduction of wall heating.” AIAA PAPER 93-0744.

Bogat T., Eisworth, Couch L., Hunt J., and McClinton C., “Conceptual design of a Mach 10, global reach reconnaissance aircraft,” AIAA-1996-2894.

Shenoy, R.R., Drozda, T.G., Norris, A.T., Baurle, R.A., and Drummond, J.P., “Comparison of Mixing Characteristics for Several Fuel Injectors at Mach 8, 12, and 15 Hypervelocity Flow Conditions.” AIAA 2018-4540.

Gokulakrishnan, P., Gaines, G., Klassen, M.S., and Roby, R.J., “Autoignition of Aviation Fuels: Experimental and Modeling Study.” AIAA 2007-5701.

Cabell, K., Hass, N., Storch, A. & Gruber, M., “HIFiRE Direct-Connect Rig (HDCR) Phase I Scramjet Test Results from the NASA Langley Arc-Heated Scramjet Test Facility.” AIAA Paper 2011-2248.

A. Vincent-Randonnier, V. Sabelnikov, A. Ristori; N. Zettervall, C. Fureby, “A Combined Experimental and Computational Study of the LAPCAT II Supersonic Combustor.” 22nd AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference, Paper AIAA-2018-5208

Cabell, K., Hass, N., Storch A., Gruber, M., “HIFiRE Direct-Connect Rig (HDCR) Phase I Scramjet Test Results from the NASA Langley Arc-Heated Scramjet Test Facility.” AIAA 2011-2248.

Quinlan J., McDaniel J.C., Drozda T.G., Lacaze G. & Oefelein J.C.;, “A Priori Analysis of Flamelet-based Modeling for a Dual-Mode Scramjet Combustor”, AIAA 2014-3743. (RANS study)

Jackson, K.R., Gruber, M. R., and Buccellato, S., “Mach 6–8+ Hydrocarbon-Fueled Scramjet Flight Experiment: The HIFiRE Flight 2 Project”, Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 31, No. 1 (2015), pp. 36-53.

Marley, C.D. and Driscoll, J.F., “Modeling an Active and Passive Thermal Protection System for a Hypersonic Vehicle.” 55th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, AIAA SciTech Forum, AIAA 2017-0118.

Glass S.E., Capriotti, D.P., Reimer, T., Kutemeyer, M., and Smart, M., “Testing of DLR C/C-SiC and C/C for HIFiRE 8 Scramjet Combustor.” 19th AIAA Int. Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference, AIAA 2014-3089.

Tang, M. and Chase, R. L., “The quest for hypersonic flight with air-breathing propulsion.” In 15th AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference. 2008. AIAA Paper 2008-2546.

H. Taguchi, M. Hongoh, T. Kojima, T. Saito, “Mach 4 Performance Evaluation of Hypersonic Pre-Cooled Turbojet Engine.” 22nd AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference, AIAA-2018-5203.

CLASSROOM HOURS / CEUs: 17 classroom hours / 1.7 CEU/PDH

CONTACT: Please contact Lisa Le or Customer Service if you have any questions about the course or group discounts (for 5+ attendees).